The flower is the construction chargeable for the copy of angiosperm crops.
It’s by way of copy that new crops are created, making certain the upkeep of ecosystems.
Features of flowers
The first perform of flowers is to supply seeds to type new crops, making certain the survival of the species.
Thus, the flower is chargeable for the copy of crops. To do that, they’re fashioned by modified leaves, usually with engaging colours and totally different shapes to draw their pollinators.
Components of flowers
A whole flower has the next constructions:
- Stamen: male construction of the flower the place the filament and anther are situated.
- Carpel: feminine construction of the flower, fashioned by the stigma, model and ovary.
- Petals: modified and coloured leaves with the perform of attracting pollinators. The set of petals known as a corolla.
- Sepals: situated under the petals, usually inexperienced in shade. The set of sepals known as a calyx.
This whole construction is supported by thepeduncle, the stem chargeable for connecting the flower to the plant.
The peduncle has a dilated portion linked to the flower referred to as the floralreceptacle, the place the floral parts are inserted.
Gynoecium and Androecium
Relying on the construction of the flower, it may be feminine or male. This definition is dependent upon the presence of the gynoecium and androecium.
Gynoeceum
The set of carpels known as gynoecium, the feminine a part of the flower.
The gynoecium is fashioned by carpels, pistil, stigma, model and ovary. Contained in the ovary are the feminine gametes of the plant.
The stigma is the half that receives the pollen grain and connects to the ovary by way of the model. The ovary is the half that can remodel into fruit.
The fruit is the results of the event of the ovary, whereas the seed represents the event of the ovule after fertilization.
Androecium
The set of stamens known as the androecium, the male a part of the flower. The androecium is fashioned by the stamens, anther and filament.
The stamens are fashioned by the anther and the filament. The filament corresponds to a protracted, skinny stem, the place at its finish is the anther, chargeable for producing pollen.
Learn additionally:
- Components of the Plant
- Plant Kingdom
- Botany: the research of crops
Varieties of flowers
Flowers have totally different classifications, which will be in response to intercourse or the variety of flowers.
Classification by intercourse
- Hermaphrodites or monoecious: these are flowers which have each female and male reproductive organs in the identical flower. Most angiosperms are hermaphrodites, such because the tulip.
- Dioecious: these are flowers which have separate male or feminine reproductive organs. An instance of that is the papaya tree.
Presence of floral parts
- Full flowers: these are flowers that current all of the floral parts: calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium. The rose is an instance of a whole flower.
- Incomplete flowers: these are flowers that lack among the floral parts. The begonia is an instance of an incomplete flower, because it has both a stamen or a pistil, however not each.
Flower pollination
Pollination is the act of plant copy that consists of transferring pollen from the male a part of the flower to the feminine half .
Pollination can happen as follows:
- Direct pollination: when it happens in the identical flower, it’s self-pollination.
- Oblique pollination: represents pollination between flowers of the identical plant.
- Cross-pollination: is when pollination happens between flowers of various crops.
Curiosity
The presence of a flower and fruit that protects the seed is without doubt one of the fundamental traits of angiosperms, which in flip are vascular, as they’ve roots, stems and leaves.
Gymnosperms are crops that produce flowers and seeds, however their seeds are bare and usually are not surrounded by the developed ovary (that are the fruits).
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