For our organism to function in an integrated manner, the organs of the human body constitute a system, where each one acts in a specific way to perform a certain function. It is the set of systems that forms the organism.
Below, we will learn about the main organs of the human body systems and how they act in our organism.
Main organs of the digestive system
The organs of the digestive system are responsible for absorbing the nutrients we consume, helping throughout the digestion process so that what is not used can be discarded by the body.
The main organs of this system are:
Pharynx
The pharynx is a tubular organ with muscular walls that connects the throat to the esophagus.
It is responsible for the passage of inhaled air and ingested food to the other organs of the respiratory and digestive systems, respectively.
Therefore, the pharynx is a common organ of the digestive and respiratory systems.
Esophagus
The esophagus is a tubular organ with muscular walls, responsible for conducting food to the stomach after being transported through the pharynx.
Stomach
The stomach is shaped like a pouch and is located in the abdomen, between the esophagus and the small intestine.
It is responsible for the partial digestion of food, transforming the food bolus into chyme.
Liver
The liver is located in the abdomen, below the diaphragm . It is the largest gland in the human body and develops endocrine and exocrine activity.
It is responsible for storing and filtering substances, as well as synthesizing fat and producing bile.
Intestines
In the human body, it is in the intestines that the absorption of water and nutrients occurs during the digestive process. They are divided into two types
- The small intestine is a tubular organ located between the stomach and the large intestine. It is responsible for absorbing nutrients and is divided into three parts: duodenum, jejunum and ileum.
- The large intestine is a tubular organ responsible for absorbing water, storing and eliminating solid waste and is divided into three parts: cecum, colon and rectum.
Main organs of the respiratory system
The organs of the respiratory system are responsible for the process of breathing, that is, the absorption of oxygen and the elimination of carbon dioxide that is removed from the cells. The main organs of this system are:
Larynx
The larynx is the main organ of speech, as it contains the vocal cords. It is located in the neck, between the pharynx and the trachea.
It receives air from the pharynx and prevents food from passing into the trachea, through the epiglottis, which closes when swallowing.
Trachea
The trachea is a hollow tubular organ composed of cartilaginous rings. It is located between the larynx and the bronchi.
Its function is to heat, humidify, filter the air and, thus, conduct it to the lungs.
Lungs
The human body is made up of two lungs , which have a pyramidal shape, spongy consistency and are located in the rib cage.
It is responsible for the exchange of gases so that the blood is oxygenated and eliminates carbon dioxide (CO2 ) from the body.
Bronchi
The bronchi are two tubular organs that connect the trachea to the lungs. They branch into smaller and smaller tubes called bronchioles.
The function of the bronchi is to carry air to the lungs.
Main organs of the endocrine system
The organs of the endocrine system are responsible for producing hormones , which in turn are released into the blood to reach the target organs. The main organs of this system are:
Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland , pituitary gland or master gland, is a small gland located in the brain.
It is responsible for the production of hormones, regulation of sexual cycles and control of the activities of other glands.
Thyroid
The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck region. It is one of the largest glands in the human body.
It has important functions in the body, such as regulating growth, development, fertility, menstrual cycles and emotional control.
Parathyroids
The parathyroids are four small glands located around the thyroid.
Its functions are: regulating the amount of calcium in the blood and the production of hormones.
Adrenals
The adrenal glands are formed by the cortex and the medulla.
They are located above the kidneys and their main function is the production and release of hormones.
Pancreas
The pancreas is a mixed gland responsible for the production of hormones (endocrine system) and pancreatic juice (digestive system).
It is located behind the stomach, between the duodenum and the spleen.
Main organs of the circulatory system
The organs of the circulatory or cardiovascular system are responsible for transporting nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide and hormones through the blood. The main organs that make up this system are:
Heart
The heart , the central organ of the circulatory system, is a hollow muscular organ responsible for pumping blood mediated by two movements: systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation).
Thus, while the right side pumps venous blood to the lungs, the left side pumps arterial blood to the various parts of the body.
Blood vessels
Blood vessels , the places where blood circulates through the body, are tubular organs distributed throughout the organism.
They are formed by veins and arteries , which in turn form capillaries.
Main organs of the nervous system
The organs of the nervous system are responsible for the communication of organisms, that is, they exercise control over the voluntary and involuntary movements of the body, emitting and capturing stimuli and messages.
To perform this function, the main organs of this system are:
Brain
The brain is divided into the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere.
It is the most important organ of the nervous system, responsible for the production of hormones, as well as the transport, organization and storage of information. It is considered the command center of the body.
Cerebellum
The cerebellum is an organ located below the brain. It has very important functions such as movement, reflexes, muscle contraction and balance of the body.
Spinal cord
The spinal cord is a cylindrical cord located in the spinal column , in the internal canal of the vertebrae.
It is responsible for the production and conduction of nerve impulses from the body to the brain, that is, it communicates between the body and the nervous system.
Main organs of the urinary and excretory systems
The main function of the organs of the urinary and excretory systems is to filter impurities from the blood, and for this to occur, these organs produce and eliminate urine. The main organs of this system are:
Kidneys
The human body is made up of two kidneys , bean-shaped organs that can measure up to 12 cm. They are reddish-brown in color and are located in the posterior part of the abdomen.
Its main functions are: filtering substances, eliminating toxic substances, producing hormones and urine.
Bladder
The bladder is a hollow, muscular organ in the shape of a pouch located in the lower abdomen. It is responsible for storing urine, which can hold up to 800 ml.
Main organs of the reproductive system
The reproductive system has different characteristics and organs for men and women.
The main organs of the female reproductive system are :
Ovaries
The ovaries are two oval-shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity of women.
Its function is based on the production of the female hormone, estrogen, as well as the production of eggs, the female sexual gametes.
Uterus
Located inside the pelvic cavity, the uterus is a muscular, hollow and elastic organ. It is responsible for menstruation , pregnancy and childbirth.
Its main function is to shelter the fetus after it has been fertilized.
Clitoris
The clitoris is the female erectile sexual organ and is located at the top of the vulva.
Its main function is to provide female pleasure (orgasm), as its structure is formed by numerous nerve endings.
The main organs of the male reproductive system are :
Penis
The penis is the male sexual organ, external and cylindrical, which is also part of the urinary system.
Through it, urine and semen are eliminated through the urethra canal. It is also responsible for male sexual pleasure.
Prostate
The prostate is a rounded exocrine gland located below the bladder.
It is responsible for producing a substance that protects sperm.
Testicles
The testicles are two male sexual glands, oval in shape and located in the scrotum.
Its functions correspond to the production of hormones and male sexual gametes, sperm .
Other organs of the human body
Other important organs make up the human body and help the organism to function in perfect harmony. These organs are:
Spleen
The spleen , located in the upper left region of the abdominal cavity, is an oval-shaped organ that is part of the lymphatic system .
Its functions are: production and destruction of red blood cells.
Skin
The skin is the outer covering of the body, considered the largest and heaviest organ in the body.
It is part of the integumentary system and its main functions are: protection, nutrient reserve and temperature balance.
Appendix
The appendix is a small, hollow, pouch-shaped organ located at the beginning of the large intestine.
Its function is to house bacteria that aid in digestion and lymphocytes that contribute to the body’s defense. It is related to the immune system .
