The decrease limbs of the human physique are made up ofthe hips,thighs,legsandtoes. This set of limbs, additionally referred to as decrease limbs, are answerable for the stability, assist and locomotion of the physique.
The hips be a part of the trunk and are subsequently a transition area. The opposite limbs are categorized as free, since they carry out the actions.
The thigh is situated beneath the hip and extends to the knee joint. After the knee, there may be the leg that goes to the ankle joint. Lastly, there may be the foot, the acute part of the decrease limb.
Bones of the decrease limb
The appendicular axis of the human skeleton, linked to the axial axis, is shaped by the higher and decrease limbs. The pelvic girdle, additionally referred to as the hip or pelvis, is the area that connects the decrease half to the trunk.
Along with the hip bones (ilium, ischium and pubis), there are30 different boneswithin the decrease limbs: 1 bone within the thigh, 3 bones within the leg and 26 bones within the foot. They’re:
- Femur, situated within the thigh;
- Patella, tibia and fibula, situated within the leg;
- Tarsal bones (7), situated on the high and again of the foot;
- Metatarsal bones (5), situated within the center area of the foot;
- Phalanges (14), situated on the toes.
Thigh Bone
Thefemur, along with being the longest bone within the human skeleton, can be the heaviest and most resistant.
Leg Bones
Thepatellais a bone situated within the knee joint. It’s a small triangular bone.
Thetibiais situated within the medial area of the leg. It’s the largest bone on this area and helps human weight.
Thefibulais significantly smaller than the tibia and is parallel to it, situated laterally.
Foot Bones
There are 26 bones that type the construction of the foot. They’re divided into: tarsal bones, metatarsal bones and phalanges.
Within the bones of the foot , the higher and posterior half is shaped by the tarsus, composed of seven bones. The strongest tarsal bone is the calcaneus. Along with it, there are additionally the talus, navicular, cuneiforms (lateral, intermediate and medial) and the cuboid.
The center area of the foot comprises the metatarsal bones. The metatarsal is numbered from I to V, and the primary is answerable for supporting weight, as it’s thicker.
The fingers comprise phalanges, just like these of the palms in amount and association. On the hallux of finger quantity I are situated two giant phalanges, proximal and distal. The opposite 4 fingers have three phalanges: proximal, center and distal.
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Muscle groups of the decrease limbs
Muscle groups are tissues that permit motion and contraction. Muscle fibers are additionally a part of the decrease limb, with the muscle groups on this area being the strongest, as they assist with assist and locomotion.
Striated skeletal muscle, the kind that makes up the decrease limbs, is managed by the central nervous system and responds to stimuli by producing voluntary actions.
Some muscle groups of the decrease limbs
- Hip muscle groups: psoas main, psoas minor, gluteus maximus, medius and minimus;
- Muscle groups of the thigh: sartorius, pectineus and biceps femoris;
- Leg muscle groups: tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus and flexor digitorum longus;
- Muscle groups of the foot: extensor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis and plantar interossei.
The most important muscle within the human physique is situated within the thigh, the sartorius, and its size is roughly 50 cm, though it could actually fluctuate relying on the person’s peak.
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