Glands of the Human Body
Theglands within the human physiqueare organs which are a part of theendocrineandexocrineprograms , so their essential operate is to supply hormones and steadiness the metabolism for the right functioning of the physique.
Having made this consideration, the glands which are a part of theendocrine systemare: thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, pancreas, adrenal glands and the sexual glands (female and male).
In flip, the glands that make up theexocrine systemof the human physique are the salivary, sweat, lacrimal, mammary and sebaceous glands.
Glands of the Endocrine System
Thyroid
Positioned within the neck, the thyroid is likely one of the largest glands within the human physique. It performs a number of important capabilities comparable to: the manufacturing of hormones (triiodothyronine and thyroxine) and regulation of metabolism.
Due to this fact, the malfunction of this gland can result in ailments comparable to hyperthyroidism (extreme launch of hormones) which accelerates metabolism and hypothyroidism (inadequate launch of hormones) which reduces the physique’s metabolic motion.
Parathyroids
Positioned within the neck, across the thyroid gland, the parathyroids are the smallest glands within the physique.
Fashioned by4 small glands, thought-about two pairs of thyroids (higher and decrease), they act within the manufacturing of the hormone Parathyroid hormone (PTH) whose operate is to manage the quantity of calcium current within the blood.
Pituitary gland
A small gland, the dimensions of a pea, the pituitary gland, additionally known as the “grasp gland”, is situated within the central a part of the top and has vital capabilities comparable to: controlling different glands, good metabolism functioning and the manufacturing of hormones (ADH and development).
Pancreas
Positioned behind the abdomen, the pancreas is ablended gland, as it’s a part of the endocrine system (manufacturing of hormones: insulin, somatostatin and glucagon ) and exocrine system (launch of pancreatic juice) of the human physique. On this means, it acts within the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
Adrenals
The adrenal glands , additionally known asadrenal glands, are situated above the kidneys and are triangular in form.
Liable for releasing hormones into the physique, comparable to cortisol, aldosterone, catecholamine and adrenaline, these glands additionally play a task within the metabolic course of.
Sexual Glands
TheGonadsor reproductive glands are the ovaries in girls and the testicles in males.
Along with producinggametes(eggs and sperm), the reproductive intercourse glands are answerable for producing hormones comparable to estrogen and progesterone by the ovaries and testosterone by the testicles.
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Glands of the Exocrine System
Salivary Glands
Positioned within the mouth and throat, the salivary glands(parotid, sublingual, submandibular) act within the means of meals digestion by way of the method of manufacturing and releasing saliva, because it accommodates the enzymeptyalinorsalivary amylase, answerable for softening meals in addition to sustaining moisturization of the mouth.
Sweat Glands
Liable for sustaining physique temperature and eliminating poisonous substances, sweat glands are distributed below the pores and skin and act within the manufacturing and launch of sweat. They’re labeled asapocrine sweat glands, known as “scent glands”, situated within the armpits and genitals; andeccrine sweat glands, unfold all through the physique, answerable for sustaining physique temperature.
Lacrimal glands
Positioned within the eyes, thelacrimal glandsare answerable for producing tears, lubricating the eyes and inhibiting the event of microorganisms within the area.
Mammary Glands
Unique to mammals, mammary glands are current in each sexes, nonetheless, in girls after puberty they proceed to develop with the intention to carry out their essential operate: producing milk to feed newborns.
Sebaceous Glands
Liable for defending, protecting the pores and skin versatile and lubricated, thesebaceous glands, that are unfold all through the physique, launchsebum(fats), an oily substance that’s largely discovered on the face and scalp. This is the reason hair turns into oily once we go days with out washing it.
Liver
The biggest gland within the human physique, the liver capabilities as a blended gland, performing within the endocrine system (releasing substances into the blood) and exocrine system (releasing secretions). It has a number of capabilities, comparable to storing substances (minerals and nutritional vitamins), producing bile, and synthesizing ldl cholesterol and hormones.
Learn additionally about:Endocrine Glands